Aiding/abetting or encouraging a minor to become deprived movie

A person who is accused of unlawful occupancy pursuant to subsection 1 and has previously been convicted two times of housebreaking, unlawful occupancy or any lesser included or related offense, or any combination thereof, arising from the same set of facts is presumed to have obtained residency of the dwelling with the knowledge that: a Any asserted lease is invalid; and b Neither the owner nor an authorized representative of the owner permitted the residency.

A person is guilty of unlawful reentry if: a An owner of real property has recovered possession of the property from the person pursuant to NRS A person convicted of unlawful reentry is guilty of a gross misdemeanor. A person who draws a check with intent that it be so delivered shall be deemed to have issued it if the delivery occurs. Property in the possession of the defendant in which another person has only a security interest shall be deemed not to be the property of that other person, even if that person holds legal title to the property pursuant to a security agreement.

The value of a written instrument which does not have a readily ascertainable market value is the greater of the face amount of the instrument less the portion satisfied or the amount of economic loss to the owner of the instrument resulting from the deprivation of the instrument. The trier of fact shall determine the value of all other property whose value is not readily ascertainable, and may, in making that determination, consider all relevant evidence, including evidence of the value of the property to its owner.

Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2, a person commits theft if, without lawful authority, the person knowingly: a Controls any property of another person with the intent to deprive that person of the property. The pretense may be verbal or it may be a physical act. A person who commits an act that is prohibited by subsection 1 which involves the repair of a vehicle has not committed theft unless, before the repair was made, the person received a written estimate of the cost of the repair.

Conduct denominated theft in NRS A criminal charge of theft may be supported by evidence that an act was committed in any manner that constitutes theft pursuant to NRS The amount involved in a theft shall be deemed to be the highest value, by any reasonable standard, of the property or services which are obtained. Amounts involved in thefts committed pursuant to a scheme or continuing course of conduct, whether from one or more persons, may be aggregated in determining the grade of the offense.

In addition to any other penalty, the court shall order a person who violates this section to pay restitution. For the purposes of this section, in determining the aggregated value of the property or services involved in all thefts committed in the organized retail theft in this State during a period of days: a The amount involved in a single theft shall be deemed to be the highest value, by any reasonable standard, of the property or services which are obtained; and b The amounts involved in all thefts committed by all participants in the organized retail theft must be aggregated.

In any prosecution for a violation of this section, the violation shall be deemed to have been committed and may be prosecuted in any jurisdiction in this State in which any theft committed by any participant in the organized retail theft was committed, regardless of whether the defendant was ever physically present in that jurisdiction.

Unless a greater penalty is imposed by a specific statute and unless the provisions of NRS In addition to any other penalty, the court shall order the person who committed the theft to pay restitution. A plate, label, trademark, term, design, device or form of advertisement is in the form and similitude of the genuine instrument imitated if the finished parts of the engraving thereupon shall resemble or conform to the similar parts of the genuine instrument.

Every person who, with intent to injure or defraud, shall: 1. Make any false entry in any public record or account; 2. Fail to make a true entry of any material matter in any public record or account; or 3. Every person who makes, passes, utters or publishes, with an intention to defraud any person or persons, body politic or corporate, either in this state or elsewhere, or with the like intention attempts to pass, utter or publish any fictitious bill, note or check purporting to be the bill, note or check, or other instrument in writing, for the payment of money or property of some bank, corporation, copartnership or individual, when in fact there is no such bank, corporation, copartnership or individual in existence, the person knowing the bill, note, check or instrument in writing for the payment of money or property or any labor claim or claims to be fictitious, is guilty of forgery, and shall be punished as provided in NRS Whenever the note, bill, check or other instrument in writing is drawn upon any bank, proof that the purported drawer had no account at the bank shall be deemed sufficient evidence to sustain the allegation of the nonexistence of the drawer of such instrument.

The false making or forging of an instrument or writing purporting to have been issued by or in behalf of a corporation or association, state or government and bearing the pretended signature of any person therein falsely indicated as an agent or officer of such corporation, association, state or government, is forgery the same as if that person were in truth such officer or agent of such corporation, association, state or government.

Every person who, knowing the same to be forged or altered, and with intent to defraud, shall utter, offer, dispose of or put off as true, or have in his or her possession with intent so to utter, offer, dispose of or put off any forged writing, instrument or other thing, the false making, forging or altering of which is punishable as forgery, shall be guilty of forgery the same as if the person had forged the same.

Whenever the false making or uttering of any instrument or writing is forgery, every person who, with intent to defraud, shall offer, dispose of or put off such an instrument or writing subscribed or endorsed in his or her own name or that of any other person, whether such signature be genuine or fictitious, under the pretense that such subscription or endorsement is the act of another person of the same name, or that of a person not in existence, shall be deemed guilty of forgery and shall be punished accordingly.

A person who is authorized to take a proof or acknowledgment of an instrument which by law may be recorded, who willfully certifies falsely that the execution of the instrument was acknowledged by any party thereto, or that the execution thereof was proved, is guilty of a category D felony, and shall be punished as provided in NRS A person shall not willfully sign the name of another person, whether living or deceased, or of a fictitious person to any petition.

A person who violates the provisions of this subsection is guilty of a category D felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS Each false or wrongful signature on a petition in violation of this subsection, whether related to a single petition or multiple petitions, constitutes a separate offense. A person shall not willfully add to, revise or alter any petition with the intent to falsify the name or any information concerning the age, citizenship or residence of another person who signs the petition.

Each addition, revision or alteration to a petition in violation of this subsection, whether related to a single petition or multiple petitions, constitutes a separate offense. A person shall not willfully offer or provide any consideration, gratuity or reward to another person with the intent to induce the other person to sign his or her own name to or withdraw his or her own name from any petition.

Each offer or provision of consideration, gratuity or reward to another person in violation of this subsection, whether related to a single petition or multiple petitions, constitutes a separate offense. A person shall not, knowing that any petition contains any false or wrongful signature, statement or information, file the petition or cause the petition to be filed.

Each filing of a petition in violation of this subsection, whether related to a single petition or multiple petitions, constitutes a separate offense. A person shall not, in signing his or her own name to any petition, willfully subscribe to any false statement concerning his or her age, citizenship, residence or other qualifications to sign the petition.

A person who violates the provisions of this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor. Each subscription to a false statement in violation of this subsection, whether related to a single petition or multiple petitions, constitutes a separate offense.

A person who was previously convicted three times of a misdemeanor under the provisions of this section, or of an offense of a similar nature, in this State or any other state, or in a federal jurisdiction, who violates this section is guilty of a category D felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS In a criminal action for issuing a check or draft against insufficient or no funds with intent to defraud, that intent and the knowledge that the drawer has insufficient money, property or credit with the drawee is presumed to exist if: a The instrument is drawn on a purported account which does not exist.

If a complainant causes a criminal action to be commenced for issuing a check or draft with intent to defraud and refuses to testify in the action, the complainant is presumed to have acted maliciously and without probable cause. Failure of the owner, operator or manager of a bank or other place of business to post the sign required by this section is not a defense to charge of a violation of NRS Added to NRS by , ; A , , ; , ; , ; , ; , 9 ; , ; , 97 ; , ; , NRS On the trial of any person for forging any bill or note purporting to be the bill or note of some incorporated company or bank, or for passing or attempting to pass, or having in possession with intent to pass, any such forged bill or note, it shall not be necessary to prove the incorporation of such bank or company by the charter or act of incorporation, but the same may be proved by general reputation.

Persons of skill shall be competent witnesses to prove that such bill or note is forged or counterfeited. A person who manufactures or knowingly sells or possesses a counterfeit badge or identification of any law enforcement agency is guilty of a gross misdemeanor. A person who counterfeits any kind or species of gold dust, silver, gold, bullion or bars, lumps, pieces, or nuggets of gold or silver, or any description of uncoined gold or silver currently passing in this state, or alters or puts off any kind of uncoined gold or silver mentioned in this section, for the purpose of defrauding any person, body politic or corporate, or makes any instrument for counterfeiting any kind of uncoined gold or silver as aforesaid, knowing the purpose for which the instrument was made, or knowingly has in his or her possession and secretly keeps any instrument for the purpose of counterfeiting any kind of uncoined gold or silver as aforesaid, is guilty of a category C felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS A person who has in his or her possession, or receives for any other person, any counterfeit gold dust, silver, gold, bullion or bars, lumps, pieces, or nuggets of gold or silver, or any description whatsoever of uncoined gold or silver currently passing in this state, or entering in anywise into the circulating medium of the state, with intention to utter, put off, or pass it, or permit, cause, or procure it to be uttered or passed, with the intention to defraud any person, body politic or corporate, knowing it to be counterfeit, is guilty of a category C felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS Every person who shall knowingly and willfully forge or counterfeit, or cause or procure to be forged or counterfeited, upon any goods, wares or merchandise, the private stamps or labels of any mechanic or manufacturer, with intent to defraud the purchasers or manufacturers of any goods, wares or merchandise whatsoever, shall, on conviction thereof, be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Any person who shall sell any goods, wares or merchandise having thereon any forged or counterfeit stamps or labels, purporting to be the stamps or labels of any mechanic or manufacturer, knowing the same to be forged or counterfeited, without disclosing the fact to the purchaser, shall, on conviction thereof, be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor. Every person who shall use or display or have in his or her possession with intent to use or display the genuine label, trademark, term, design, device, or form of advertisement of any person, corporation, association or union lawfully filed for record according to law of the State, or the exclusive right to use which is guaranteed to any person, corporation, association or union by the laws of the United States, or of this State, without the written authority of such person, corporation, association or union, or who shall willfully forge or counterfeit or use or display or have in his or her possession with intent to use or display any representation, likeness, similitude, copy or imitation of any genuine label, trademark, term, design, device, or form of advertisement, so filed or protected, or any die, plate, stamp or other device for manufacturing the same, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

A person shall not knowingly sell, display or advertise, or have in his or her possession with intent to sell, any goods, wares, merchandise, mixture, preparation or compound having affixed thereto any label, trademark, term, design, device or form of advertisement lawfully filed for record in the Office of the Secretary of State by any person, corporation, association or union, or the exclusive right to the use of which is guaranteed to the person, corporation, association or union under the laws of the United States, if the label, trademark, term, design, device or form of advertisement has been used or affixed thereto without the written authority of the person, corporation, association or union, or having affixed thereto any forged or counterfeit representation, likeness, similitude, copy or imitation thereof.

Except as otherwise provided in subsection 3, a violation of the provisions of subsection 1 is a misdemeanor. For the purposes of this section, in accordance with the provisions of NRS Every person who shall for himself or herself, or on behalf of any other person, corporation, association or union, procure the filing of any label, trademark, term, design, device or form of advertisement, by any fraudulent means, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

Except as otherwise provided in subsection 5, it is unlawful for a person to, without the consent of the owner or lessee of a motion picture theater, knowingly operate an audiovisual recording function of any device in the motion picture theater with the intent to record a motion picture that is being exhibited in that theater.

Unless a greater penalty is imposed by a specific statute, a person who violates the provisions of subsection 1 is guilty of: a For a first offense, a misdemeanor; and b For a second or any subsequent offense, a category D felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS An owner or lessee of a motion picture theater and an authorized agent or employee of an owner or lessee of a motion picture theater who has reason to believe that a person has operated an audiovisual recording function of any device in the motion picture theater in violation of subsection 1 may take the person into custody and detain the person, on the premises of the motion picture theater, in a reasonable manner and for a reasonable length of time, for the purpose of informing a peace officer of the circumstances of such detention.

The owner, lessee, agent or employee is presumed to have reason to believe that a person has operated an audiovisual recording function of any device in violation of subsection 1 if the owner, lessee, agent or employee observed the person aiming the device at a screen or other surface while a motion picture was being exhibited on the screen or other surface. Such taking into custody and detention by an owner, lessee, agent or employee does not render the owner, lessee, agent or employee criminally or civilly liable for false arrest, false imprisonment, slander or unlawful detention unless the taking into custody and detention are unreasonable under all the circumstances.

An owner, lessee, agent or employee is not entitled to the immunity from liability provided for in this section unless there is displayed in a conspicuous place on the premises of the motion picture theater a notice in boldface type clearly legible and in substantially the following form: It is a crime to record a movie in this theater.

If the owner or lessee of the theater or an employee or agent of the owner or lessee has reason to believe that a person is recording a movie in this theater, he or she may detain the person on the premises of the theater for the purpose of notifying a peace officer. Violators of this crime are subject to arrest and prosecution. This section does not prevent a federal, state or local governmental agency or officer thereof who is engaged in any lawful activity related to an investigation, protecting the public, enforcing the laws or gathering information from operating any audiovisual recording function of any device in a motion picture theater as part of that lawful activity.

Except as otherwise provided in subsection 3, it is unlawful for any person, firm, partnership, corporation or association knowingly to: a Transfer or cause to be transferred any sounds recorded on a phonograph record, disc, wire, tape, film or other article on which sounds are recorded onto any other phonograph record, disc, wire, tape, film or article; or b Sell, distribute, circulate, offer for sale, distribution or circulation, possess for the purpose of sale, distribution or circulation, or cause to be sold, distributed, circulated, offered for sale, distribution or circulation, or possessed for sale, distribution or circulation, any article or device on which sounds have been transferred without the consent of the person who owns the master phonograph record, master disc, master tape or other device or article from which the sounds are derived.

It is unlawful for any person, firm, partnership, corporation or association to sell, distribute, circulate, offer for sale, distribution or circulation or possess for the purposes of sale, distribution or circulation, any phonograph record, disc, wire, tape, film or other article on which sounds have been transferred unless the phonograph record, disc, wire, tape, film or other article bears the actual name and address of the transferor of the sounds in a prominent place on its outside face or package.

This section does not apply to any person who transfers or causes to be transferred any sounds intended for or in connection with radio or television broadcast transmission or related uses, for archival purposes or solely for the personal use of the person transferring or causing the transfer and without any compensation being derived by the person from the transfer.

A person who violates the provisions of this section shall be punished: a For the first offense, for a category D felony as provided in NRS All cattle or animals of the bovine species; 2. All horses, mules, burros and asses or animals of the equine species; 3. All swine or animals of the porcine species; 4. All goats or animals of the caprine species; and 5. All sheep or animals of the ovine species. Personal goods, personal property and motor vehicles; 2. Money, negotiable instruments and other items listed in NRS Livestock, domesticated animals and domesticated birds; and 4.

Any other item of value, whether or not the item is listed in NRS Except as otherwise provided in NRS Uses a card or other device for automatically withdrawing or transferring money in a financial institution to obtain intentionally money to which the person knows he or she is not entitled. Unless a greater penalty is imposed by a specific statute, a person who commits grand larceny in violation of NRS In addition to any other penalty, the court shall order the person who committed the grand larceny to pay restitution.

If the grand larceny involved a sale in violation of subsection 3 or 4 of NRS A person who intentionally steals, takes and carries away a firearm owned by another person commits grand larceny of a firearm. In addition to any other penalty, the court shall order the person who committed the grand larceny of the firearm to pay restitution. A person who intentionally steals, takes and carries away, drives away or otherwise removes a motor vehicle owned by another person commits grand larceny of a motor vehicle.

A person who commits grand larceny of a motor vehicle is guilty of: a For a first offense, a category C felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS In addition to any other penalty, the court shall order the person who committed the grand larceny of the motor vehicle to pay restitution. Banker includes every director or manager of any banking company, whether incorporated or not, or of any branch thereof, and every person carrying on the business of a banker.

Cattle includes any horse, mare, gelding, colt, foal, filly, ass, mule, bull, cow, ox, steer, heifer, calf, ram, ewe, sheep, lamb, pig, goat, deer, alpaca, llama, vicuna, camel, or dromedary, and every hybrid or cross thereof. Court and Judge respectively shall be equally taken to mean the Court in which or the Judge before whom the trial or proceeding is had in respect of which either word is used.

Dangerous weapon means— a a firearm, or an imitation firearm, within the meaning of the Firearms Act , or b a prohibited weapon within the meaning of the Weapons Prohibition Act , or c a spear gun. Document of title to land includes every deed, map, paper, or parchment, written or printed, or partly written and partly printed, being or containing evidence of the title, or part of the title, to any real estate or to any interest in or out of real estate.

Dwelling-house includes— a any building or other structure intended for occupation as a dwelling and capable of being so occupied, although it has never been so occupied, b a boat or vehicle in or on which any person resides, and c any building or other structure within the same curtilage as a dwelling-house, and occupied therewith or whose use is ancillary to the occupation of the dwelling-house. Governor means, except in respect of the exercise of the pardoning power, the Governor with the advice of the Executive Council.

Grievous bodily harm includes— a the destruction other than in the course of a medical procedure or a termination of a pregnancy in accordance with the Abortion Law Reform Act of the foetus of a pregnant woman, whether or not the woman suffers any other harm, and b any permanent or serious disfiguring of the person, and c any grievous bodily disease in which case a reference to the infliction of grievous bodily harm includes a reference to causing a person to contract a grievous bodily disease.

Indictment includes any information presented or filed as provided by law for the prosecution of offences. Intoxication has the same meaning it has in Part 11A. Judge—see Court. Loaded arms means any gun, pistol, or other arms, loaded in the barrel or chamber or magazine with gunpowder or other explosive substance, and with ball, shot, slug, or other destructive material, although the attempt to discharge may fail from want of proper priming, or from any other cause; and every gun, pistol, or other arms, unlawfully presented at any person, shall be deemed to be loaded unless the contrary is shown.

Member of the crew in relation to an aircraft means a person having functions or duties on board the aircraft. Minor indictable offence means an indictable offence that is not a serious indictable offence. Money includes all coined money, whether current within New South Wales or not, and all bank notes or instruments ordinarily so called, if current as such, and payable to the bearer.

Night means the period of time commencing at nine of the clock in the evening of each day and concluding at six of the clock in the morning of the next succeeding day. Offensive weapon or instrument means— a a dangerous weapon, or b any thing that is made or adapted for offensive purposes, or c any thing that, in the circumstances, is used, intended for use or threatened to be used for offensive purposes, whether or not it is ordinarily used for offensive purposes or is capable of causing harm.

Officer, in relation to a body corporate or public company, includes a person who has been appointed, or acts, as an auditor of the body corporate or public company. Person, Master, and Employer severally include any society, company, or corporation. Place of Divine worship includes any building or structure ordinarily used for Divine worship.

Property includes every description of real and personal property; money, valuable securities, debts, and legacies; and all deeds and instruments relating to, or evidencing the title or right to any property, or giving a right to recover or receive any money or goods; and includes not only property originally in the possession or under the control of any person, but also any property into or for which the same may have been converted or exchanged, and everything acquired by such conversion or exchange, whether immediately or otherwise.

Property belonging to a vessel includes every portion of its cargo, and property belonging to any of the officers, crew, or passengers thereof. Public disorder means a riot or other civil disturbance that gives rise to a serious risk to public safety, whether at a single location or resulting from a series of incidents in the same or different locations, and includes a riot or other civil disturbance at the following— b a detention centre within the meaning of the Children Detention Centres Act Railway includes a tramway, and also includes all stations, buildings, structures and equipment belonging to or associated with a railway or tramway.

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Section 2 a. This updated law makes it clear that someone who aids and abets the commission of a crime will be punished as though he or she did commit the crime. In a federal case, those elements include: The accused specifically intended to aid in the commission of the crime, for the purpose of making the endeavor successful; The accused took positive action to aid, or participated in some element of, the commission of the crime, though the level of participation may be relatively small; Someone other than the accused actually committed the underlying crime.

To gain a conviction, a jury must be convinced that the elements of aiding and abetting are present, beyond a reasonable doubt. In truth, once the prosecution establishes that the defendant knew about the crime, or the unlawful purpose of some element, it has made sufficient connection for the jury to convict. Differences Between Aiding and Abetting, and Accessory Both aiding and abetting, and acting as an accessory to a crime, are illegal acts.

Specific laws regarding these actions vary by jurisdiction , and the definitions overlap in some ways, leading to their interchangeable use. There are differences between aiding and abetting, and accessory, however. Aiding — the giving of assistance or support to someone else in their commission of a crime.

Abetting — the encouragement, or motivating someone to commit a crime. This may include rabble-rousing, goading, and instigating someone, or a crowd, to commit an illegal act. Accessory — a person who actually assists in the commission of a crime committed primarily by someone else. In most jurisdictions, the law distinguishes between an accessory after the fact, and an accessory before the fact, lending additional prosecutorial power. To be convicted of this type of crime, however, the prosecution must prove that the accomplice knew that a crime was being, or had been, committed by the principal.

What is Conspiracy The primary difference between aiding and abetting or being an accessory to a crime and a conspiracy is whether or not the crime was actually committed. While the former are charges imposed after the crime has been committed — naming a third party who helped in some way to facilitate or cover up the crime — someone can be charged with conspiracy, even if the crime never happened.

This is not to say that anyone who daydreams up a crime can be charged with conspiracy. If, however, two or more people collaborate on how to commit a specific crime, coming up with plans to carry it out, they have conspired to commit that crime. Should something happen to prevent them from engaging that plan, they still have committed the crime of conspiracy. For example: Armand, an executive assistant at a finance firm, knows that his boss keeps certain passwords and login information in a notebook in his desk drawer.

He befriends Letti, who he knows has no problem doing things that are morally questionable. Another employee overhears Armand and Letti talking over lunch on the patio, and mentions it to management, who calls the police. A quiet investigation ensued, with police interviewing witnesses, and viewing surveillance video of the pair talking frequently.

Both Armand and Letti are then taken into custody, and charged with conspiracy to commit the crime — even though the actual crime was never completed. One of the men, Daniel Wilkins, was mocking the other, Donald Rose, saying he had not proven himself as a gang member. As Rose headed into an area controlled by two Blood gangs enemies of the East Coast Crips , a California Highway Patrol officer pulled over a car that was both speeding and driving recklessly.

The officer took the driver of the car to jail, leaving the passenger William Dabbs at the scene. Apparently unable to drive the car, Dabbs walked to a pay phone to call his cousin for a ride. During the brief conversation, the cousin heard the phone suddenly drop, then he heard a fight, which ended with two gun shots. Dabbs died soon after from his injuries. A few months later, both Wilkins and Rose were arrested for the crime. While Rose did not confess to the shooting, Wilkins confessed to aiding and abetting the crime, having egged Rose on to go looking for someone to shoot.

He told police that Rose had robbed and shot the victim. The person who lures a woman to a secluded place so that another person may rape her commits and act of aiding and abetting rape. What are the elements of the crime of aiding and abetting that the prosecutor must prove? The prosecutor must present proof beyond reasonable doubt that a crime has been committed. The crime was committed by another person. The person charged with aiding and abetting assisted in the commission of the crime.

The person charged with aiding and abetting knew of the intention or plans to commit the crime. The crime of aiding and abetting may be brought against persons who knowingly aids, counsels, induces or procures the commission of a crime.

The actions of the person accused of aiding and abetting must be accompanied with the intent to facilitate the crime. What possible defenses can I raise if I am prosecuted for aiding and abetting? You can prove that you had no knowledge of the plans to commit a crime.

You may also prove that as soon as you realized that you may be involved in a criminal act, you stopped your support and encouragement of the commission of the crime. You can prove that you warned the persons who committed the crime or that you repudiated the crime.

You can prove that you notified law enforcement of the crime about to be committed or being committed. Can I raise the defense of alibi? The defense of alibi is an assertion that you could not have aided or abetted in the commission of the crime because at the time and place the crime was committed you were elsewhere and it was impossible for you to have been at the time and place where the crime was committed.